Unfortunately there is no documentation to tell you which tags you can write to which file formats (with about 4000 possible tags and 51 file formats supported by ExifTool, such a document would be prohibitively lengthy).

However, a reasonable solution may be to use XMP tags (see the XMP Tags documentation). XMP information can be written to many different file formats (JPG, TIFF, PNG, PS, PSD, DNG...), and is becoming a popular technique for storing meta information.